Remainder in long division
Free lesson plan from HomeschoolMath.net

14 bananas divided between 3 people gives 4 bananas to each and 2 bananas that cannot  be divided.			14 carrots divided between 5 people gives 2 carrots to each and 4 carrots that cannot be divided.
	14 ÷ 3 = 4, remainder 2. 3 × 4 + 2 = 14.			14 ÷ 5 = 2, remainder 4. 5 × 2 + 4 = 14.

The remainder is always LESS than the divisor.  Otherwise we could divide some more. For example, if in the banana situation the remainder was more than 3, we could continue dividing the remaining bananas between 3 people.

How do we check the division if it is not exact?  Look at the pictures above.  If we end up with 3 people each having 4 bananas and 2 bananas left over, then the total amount of bananas is 3 × 4 + 2 = 14.  Or if 5 people have 2 carrots each and there are 4 carrots left over, then all together we have 5 × 2 + 4 = 14 carrots.

So to check the division that was not exact, multiply your result by the divisor as normal, and then ADD THE REMAINDER.  You should get the original dividend.

When using long division, the division is not always exact either.

At this point we don't have any more digits to drop down from the dividend.  In the last subtraction we end up with 6, which is the remainder.   So 125 ÷ 7 = 17, R 6. Note that the remainder 6 is LESS THAN 7, the divisor         1 7 7  1  2  5  -     7 5 5 -  4  9 6        4    17 ×  7 119 119 + 6 = 125  To check we multiply the answer (17) by the divisor (7), and then add the remainder (6). We get the original dividend (125).

321 ÷ 2 =

532 ÷ 9 = 

221 ÷ 3 =

922 ÷ 6 = 

490 ÷ 4 =

 324 ÷ 6 = 

10 × 21 = 

___ ÷ 10 = 21

10 × 90 = 

___ ÷ 10 = ___

10 × 87 = 

___ ÷ 10 = ___

780 ÷ 10 = ___

150 ÷ 10 = ___

450 ÷ 10 = ___

120 ÷ 10 = ___

460 ÷ 10 = ___

440 ÷ 10 = ___

787 ÷ 10 =          

151 ÷ 10 = 

452 ÷ 10 =          

126 ÷ 10 = 

463 ÷ 10 =          

982 ÷ 10 =